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'60 Minutes' Documents on Bush Might Be Fake
By Robert B. Bluey CNSNews.com Staff Writer September 09, 2004 (CNSNews.com) - The 32-year-old documents produced Wednesday by the CBS News program "60 Minutes," shedding a negative light on President Bush's service in the Texas Air National Guard, may have been forged using a current word processing program, according to typography experts. Three independent typography experts told CNSNews.com they were suspicious of the documents from 1972 and 1973 because they were typed using a proportional font, not common at that time, and they used a superscript font feature found in today's Microsoft Word program. The "60 Minutes" segment included an interview with former Texas lieutenant governor Ben Barnes, who criticized Bush's service. The news program also produced a series of memos that claim Bush refused to follow an order to undertake a medical examination. The documents came from the "personal office file" of Bush's former squadron commander Jerry B. Killian, according to Kelli Edwards, a spokeswoman for "60 Minutes," who was quoted in Thursday's Washington Post. Edwards declined to tell the Post how the news program obtained the documents. But the experts interviewed by CNSNews.com homed in on several aspects of a May 4, 1972, memo, which was part of the "60 Minutes" segment and was posted on the CBS News website Thursday. "It was highly out of the ordinary for an organization, even the Air Force, to have proportional-spaced fonts for someone to work with," said Allan Haley, director of words and letters at Agfa Monotype in Wilmington, Mass. "I'm suspect in that I did work for the U.S. Army as late as the late 1980s and early 1990s and the Army was still using [fixed-pitch typeface] Courier." The typography experts couldn't pinpoint the exact font used in the documents. They also couldn't definitively conclude that the documents were either forged using a current computer program or were the work of a high- end typewriter or word processor in the early 1970s. But the use of the superscript "th" in one document - "111th F.I.S" - gave each expert pause. They said that is an automatic feature found in current versions of Microsoft Word, and it's not something that was even possible more than 30 years ago. "That would not be possible on a typewriter or even a word processor at that time," said John Collins, vice president and chief technology officer at Bitstream Inc., the parent of MyFonts.com. "It is a very surprising thing to see a letter with that date [May 4, 1972] on it," and featuring such typography, Collins added. "There's no question that that is surprising. Does that force you to conclude that it's a fake? No. But it certainly raises the eyebrows." Fred Showker, who teaches typography and introduction to digital graphics at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Va., questioned the documents' letterhead. "Let's assume for a minute that it's authentic," Showker said. "But would they not have used some form of letterhead? Or has this letterhead been intentionally cut off? Notice how close to the top of the page it is." He also pointed to the signature of Killian, the purported author of the May 4, 1972, memo ordering Bush, who was at the time a first lieutenant in the Texas Air National Guard, to obtain a physical exam. "Do you think he would have stopped that 'K' nice and cleanly, right there before it ran into the typewriter 'Jerry," Showker asked. "You can't stop a ballpoint pen with a nice square ending like that ... The end of that 'K' should be round ... it looks like you took a pair of snips and cut it off so you could see the 'Jerry.'" The experts also raised questions about the military's typewriter technology three decades ago. Collins said word processors that could produce proportional-sized fonts cost upwards of $20,000 at the time. "I'm not real sure that you would have that kind of sophistication in the office of a flight inspector in the United States government," Showker said. "The only thing it could be, possibly, is an IBM golf ball typewriter, which came out around the early to middle 1970s," Haley said. "Those did have proportional fonts on them. But they weren't widely used." But Haley added that the use of the superscript "th" cast doubt on the use of any typewriter. "There weren't any typewriters that did that," Haley said. "That looks like it might be a function of something like Microsoft Word, which does that automatically." According to an article on the CBS News website, the news program "consulted a handwriting analyst and document expert who believes the material is authentic." http://www.cnsnews.com//ViewPolitics...archive\200409 \POL20040909d.html ---------------------------------------------- Are the CBS National Guard Documents Fake? INDC Exclusive Based on Powerline's suspicions of forgery over the documents put forth regarding George W. Bush's National Guard service, I decided to do some legwork and track down the opinions of forensic document examiners that may have an expertise in old typefaces. After contacting several experts, a rather notable Forensic Document Examiner named Dr. Philip Bouffard took the time to examine a pdf of the documents and perform an initial visual analysis of their authenticity. Dr. Bouffard has a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Michigan, but got involved in forensic examination of typefaces after working in "graphics" with NCR until 1973 and taking a two-year Certification Program in Document Examination at Georgetown University. After completing the program, he became specifically interested in typewriter classification and went to work for a prosecutor's crime lab in Lake County, Ohio. Using something called the Haas Atlas, the definitive collection of various typefaces, Mr. Bouffard (and other forensic document examiners) examined the veracity of various documents for over 30 years. Beginning in 1988, Mr. Bouffard hired a programmer to write a computer database program that catalogues the nearly 4,000 typefaces that appear in the Haas Atlas. This computer program is now a forensic standard that is sold as a companion to the Haas Atlas by American Society of Questioned Document Examiners (ASQDE). Though semi-retired, Dr. Bouffard is one of the top two experts in forensic document examination (regarding typefaces) in the country. UPDATE: The name of the program that Dr. Bouffard developed is called "The Typewriter Typestyle Classification Program" (C:\TYPE). What did Dr. Bouffard think of the documents? First, the necessary caveats: - The pdf document is of poor quality. It seems to have been copied and recopied several times, blurring letter characteristics. - Also, certain types of analysis can only be done on the original documents, which don't seem to be available, even to CBS. So Dr. Bouffard is very clear that his analysis is not 100% positive. That being said … "It's just possible that this might be a Times Roman font, which means that it would have been created on a computer. It's very possible that someone decided to create this document on a computer... I've run across this situation before … my gut is this could just well be a fabrication." The reasons why? - Right off the bat, Dr. Bouffard noted what others in the blogosphere have been talking about - something called "proportional spacing," which means that each letter does not take up the same amount of width on the page. On old typewriters that do not have proportional spacing, the letter "i" would be as wide as the letter "m." Except for professional typesetting, proportional spacing was only available on a very few models (an IBM model, "Executive" and perhaps one or two other models Mini-Update: Dr. Bouffard e-mails to correct me that it was seven or eight possible models, not one or two - Ed) that were not widely available in 1972-73; the vast majority of typewriters did not have proportional spacing. Because of this, Dr. Bouffard's computer program immediately eliminated "over 90%" of the possible fonts from typewriters that could create such a document, narrowing it down to perhaps 15 fonts used by a very few models. - Next, Dr. Bouffard began entering individual characters in an attempt to match them to the remaining fonts that were available on proportional spacing typewriters of that era, focusing on numbers. Thus far, one character stood out, the number "4." In the document provided by CBS News, the number 4 does not "have a foot" and has a "closed top," which is indicative of Times New Roman, a font exclusive to more modern computer word processing programs. other characters matched the old proportional spacing fonts (available on only a small few typewriters of the era), but this number did not (please note that this is only an initial analysis with numerical characters). Dr. Bouffard ran this number and could not find a match in his entire database of over 4,000 typewriter fonts that have been maintained and collected into his computer database since 1988. Otherwise, the font is very indicative of Times New Roman, the font that is only available on computer word processing programs. The final word? Once again, let's not forget the qualifications: it's a bad copy of a copy and we have no original document for review, but, based on the initial analysis of the documents by an industry expert with over 30 years of experience in typesetting and forensic document examination, the documents "could just well be a fabrication." In light of this information, I think that it would be highly appropriate for CBS News and the Boston Globe to attempt to obtain a copy of the original document for more thorough vetting, and run a correction/addendum to the story. I still have two other forensic document examiners that are examining the pdf file, and I will update if/when they get back to me. I also plan to ask Dr. Bouffard more detail about the nature of the "th" on the end of dates, though in our first conversation he indicated that some typewriters had the capability to do something in that format. UPDATE: Dr. Bouffard called me again, and after further analysis, he says that he's pretty certain that it's a fake. Here's why * He looked through old papers he's written, and noted that he's come up against the inconsistency of the "4" several previous times with forgeries that attempt to duplicate old proportional spaced documents with a computer word processing program. * Regarding the small "th" after the date, Dr. Bouffard told me that it was possible to order specialty keys that would duplicate the automatic miniaturization completed by word processors after a numerical date, but it was certainly not standard, and wouldn't make a lot of sense in a military setting. "That by itself, while suspicious, is not impossible, but in conjunction with the (font irregularity of the) number four, it is really significant," he said. * Dr. Bouffard said that signature analysis isn't that relevant because the signature could have easily been copied and pasted onto one of the photocopied forgeries from another document. * He said that he didn't know who CBS contacted to verify the document's authenticity, but that there is really only one other man that may be more qualified to determine authentic typefaces than himself. I think that the burden of proof may be on CBS to reveal this information. I asked him to put a percentage on the chances that this was a fake, and he said that was "hard to put a number on it." I then suggested "90%?" Again he said it's "hard to put an exact number, but I'd say it's at least that high, sure. I pretty much agree that that font is Times New Roman." I hesitate to render verdicts, but based on an initial visual analysis by one of the country's foremost forensic document analysts that specializes in old typefaces, it looks like CBS was duped. UPDATE: Apologies for the hasty error on Dr. Bouffard's first name - it's Philip. http://www.indcjournal.com/archives/000838.php |
#2
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In article bHV0ZWZpc2s=.826f81b94141a5f1e6c0063cc30abd99@109 4768452.nulluser.com,
John Deere wrote: '60 Minutes' Documents on Bush Might Be Fake By Robert B. Bluey CNSNews.com Staff Writer September 09, 2004 (CNSNews.com) - The 32-year-old documents produced Wednesday by the CBS News program "60 Minutes," shedding a negative light on President Bush's service in the Texas Air National Guard, may have been forged using a current word processing program, according to typography experts. stupid, long for no reason post deleted Interesting! I suppose you think this means that it was ok for Bush to not show up for his physical. We're still waiting for him to tell us why. -- Jonathan Ganz (j gan z @ $ail no w.c=o=m) http://www.sailnow.com "If there's no wind, row." |
#4
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In article ,
N1EE wrote: I missed few physicals when I was in the Air Force. Why don't you ask me why I missed them? I can't remember. Did you have to resign your commission because of it? Lets ask John Kerry why he committed attrocities in Vietnam. Seems like a reasonable question. Lets ask John Kerry why he does feel he needs to attend Congress or committee meetings. I think because he's a senator. Lets ask to see his wife's tax return with her big investments in Haliburton and Enron. Fine. Let's ask Cheney too! Lets ask who stands to benefit from these forged documents. Good question, assuming they're forgeries. Either way, good question! Could it be the DNC? Doubtful. Could it be the Clintons? How's that? To sell more of their books? Could it be John Kerry? So he could be totally discredited if it came out? Hardly. -- Jonathan Ganz (j gan z @ $ail no w.c=o=m) http://www.sailnow.com "If there's no wind, row." |
#5
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I haven't watched 60 minutes since they intentionally lied about life in the
old Panama Canal Zone back 25 years ago. We knew they had been provided factual information so it wasn't unintentional distortion but intentional lies. Since then every time they have bashed something or someone I have always thought, "if 60 minutes is against them . .they can't be ALL bad." This isn't anything new . .. . .but this time we have other sources of information and sources of 'journalism' rather than distorted propaganda. Wonder what the former major media are going to do now? The unemployment line is thataway!!!! M. Now for the whiny litany of "I suppose you listen to . . . .and the standard knee jerk regurgiatated laundry list of whomevers." Thankfully you will never get it. You gotta have a mind before you can waste it. "N1EE" wrote in message om... I missed few physicals when I was in the Air Force. Why don't you ask me why I missed them? I can't remember. Lets ask John Kerry why he committed attrocities in Vietnam. Lets ask John Kerry why he does feel he needs to attend Congress or committee meetings. Lets ask to see his wife's tax return with her big investments in Haliburton and Enron. Lets ask who stands to benefit from these forged documents. Could it be the DNC? Could it be the Clintons? Could it be John Kerry? (Jonathan Ganz) wrote John Deere wrote: '60 Minutes' Documents on Bush Might Be Fake By Robert B. Bluey CNSNews.com Staff Writer September 09, 2004 (CNSNews.com) - The 32-year-old documents produced Wednesday by the CBS News program "60 Minutes," shedding a negative light on President Bush's service in the Texas Air National Guard, may have been forged using a current word processing program, according to typography experts. stupid, long for no reason post deleted Interesting! I suppose you think this means that it was ok for Bush to not show up for his physical. We're still waiting for him to tell us why. |
#6
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In article ,
Michael wrote: I haven't watched 60 minutes since they intentionally lied about life in the old Panama Canal Zone back 25 years ago. We knew they had been provided factual information so it wasn't unintentional distortion but intentional lies. Since then every time they have bashed something or someone I have always thought, "if 60 minutes is against them . .they can't be ALL bad." This isn't anything new . .. . .but this time we have other sources of information and sources of 'journalism' rather than distorted propaganda. Wonder what the former major media are going to do now? The unemployment line is thataway!!!! Unfortunately, you're right about the unemployment line... but it's getting so long that there's not much point in getting in it. Now for the whiny litany of "I suppose you listen to . . . .and the standard knee jerk regurgiatated laundry list of whomevers." Thankfully you will never get it. You gotta have a mind before you can waste it. Sounds like you've got something to work on... -- Jonathan Ganz (j gan z @ $ail no w.c=o=m) http://www.sailnow.com "If there's no wind, row." |
#7
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![]() "Jonathan Ganz" wrote in message Unfortunately, you're right about the unemployment line... but it's getting so long that there's not much point in getting in it. The current unemployment rate just dropped from 5.5% to 5.4%. The avg. unemployment rate during the Clinton administration was 5.8%. Doesn't wash. People are beginning to tune Kerry out when he talks about the horrendous unemployment rate. They don't believe him any more. Max |
#8
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Michael wrote:
.... Thankfully you will never get it. You gotta have a mind before you can waste it. you mean like, somebody who has been repeatedly given easily verifiable facts about economic conditions during the Great Depression, and still keeps spouting the same line of malarkey? DSK |
#9
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In article ,
DSK wrote: Michael wrote: .... Thankfully you will never get it. You gotta have a mind before you can waste it. you mean like, somebody who has been repeatedly given easily verifiable facts about economic conditions during the Great Depression, and still keeps spouting the same line of malarkey? Doug, you're not talking about Bush being the only president since Herbert Hoover to have a net loss of jobs during his administration are you? -- Jonathan Ganz (j gan z @ $ail no w.c=o=m) http://www.sailnow.com "If there's no wind, row." |
#10
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Funny, the Bush camp isn't denying their authenticity.
"John Deere" wrote in message news:bHV0ZWZpc2s=.826f81b94141a5f1e6c0063cc30abd99 @1094768452.nulluser.com... '60 Minutes' Documents on Bush Might Be Fake By Robert B. Bluey CNSNews.com Staff Writer September 09, 2004 (CNSNews.com) - The 32-year-old documents produced Wednesday by the CBS News program "60 Minutes," shedding a negative light on President Bush's service in the Texas Air National Guard, may have been forged using a current word processing program, according to typography experts. Three independent typography experts told CNSNews.com they were suspicious of the documents from 1972 and 1973 because they were typed using a proportional font, not common at that time, and they used a superscript font feature found in today's Microsoft Word program. The "60 Minutes" segment included an interview with former Texas lieutenant governor Ben Barnes, who criticized Bush's service. The news program also produced a series of memos that claim Bush refused to follow an order to undertake a medical examination. The documents came from the "personal office file" of Bush's former squadron commander Jerry B. Killian, according to Kelli Edwards, a spokeswoman for "60 Minutes," who was quoted in Thursday's Washington Post. Edwards declined to tell the Post how the news program obtained the documents. But the experts interviewed by CNSNews.com homed in on several aspects of a May 4, 1972, memo, which was part of the "60 Minutes" segment and was posted on the CBS News website Thursday. "It was highly out of the ordinary for an organization, even the Air Force, to have proportional-spaced fonts for someone to work with," said Allan Haley, director of words and letters at Agfa Monotype in Wilmington, Mass. "I'm suspect in that I did work for the U.S. Army as late as the late 1980s and early 1990s and the Army was still using [fixed-pitch typeface] Courier." The typography experts couldn't pinpoint the exact font used in the documents. They also couldn't definitively conclude that the documents were either forged using a current computer program or were the work of a high- end typewriter or word processor in the early 1970s. But the use of the superscript "th" in one document - "111th F.I.S" - gave each expert pause. They said that is an automatic feature found in current versions of Microsoft Word, and it's not something that was even possible more than 30 years ago. "That would not be possible on a typewriter or even a word processor at that time," said John Collins, vice president and chief technology officer at Bitstream Inc., the parent of MyFonts.com. "It is a very surprising thing to see a letter with that date [May 4, 1972] on it," and featuring such typography, Collins added. "There's no question that that is surprising. Does that force you to conclude that it's a fake? No. But it certainly raises the eyebrows." Fred Showker, who teaches typography and introduction to digital graphics at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Va., questioned the documents' letterhead. "Let's assume for a minute that it's authentic," Showker said. "But would they not have used some form of letterhead? Or has this letterhead been intentionally cut off? Notice how close to the top of the page it is." He also pointed to the signature of Killian, the purported author of the May 4, 1972, memo ordering Bush, who was at the time a first lieutenant in the Texas Air National Guard, to obtain a physical exam. "Do you think he would have stopped that 'K' nice and cleanly, right there before it ran into the typewriter 'Jerry," Showker asked. "You can't stop a ballpoint pen with a nice square ending like that ... The end of that 'K' should be round ... it looks like you took a pair of snips and cut it off so you could see the 'Jerry.'" The experts also raised questions about the military's typewriter technology three decades ago. Collins said word processors that could produce proportional-sized fonts cost upwards of $20,000 at the time. "I'm not real sure that you would have that kind of sophistication in the office of a flight inspector in the United States government," Showker said. "The only thing it could be, possibly, is an IBM golf ball typewriter, which came out around the early to middle 1970s," Haley said. "Those did have proportional fonts on them. But they weren't widely used." But Haley added that the use of the superscript "th" cast doubt on the use of any typewriter. "There weren't any typewriters that did that," Haley said. "That looks like it might be a function of something like Microsoft Word, which does that automatically." According to an article on the CBS News website, the news program "consulted a handwriting analyst and document expert who believes the material is authentic." http://www.cnsnews.com//ViewPolitics...archive\200409 \POL20040909d.html ---------------------------------------------- Are the CBS National Guard Documents Fake? INDC Exclusive Based on Powerline's suspicions of forgery over the documents put forth regarding George W. Bush's National Guard service, I decided to do some legwork and track down the opinions of forensic document examiners that may have an expertise in old typefaces. After contacting several experts, a rather notable Forensic Document Examiner named Dr. Philip Bouffard took the time to examine a pdf of the documents and perform an initial visual analysis of their authenticity. Dr. Bouffard has a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Michigan, but got involved in forensic examination of typefaces after working in "graphics" with NCR until 1973 and taking a two-year Certification Program in Document Examination at Georgetown University. After completing the program, he became specifically interested in typewriter classification and went to work for a prosecutor's crime lab in Lake County, Ohio. Using something called the Haas Atlas, the definitive collection of various typefaces, Mr. Bouffard (and other forensic document examiners) examined the veracity of various documents for over 30 years. Beginning in 1988, Mr. Bouffard hired a programmer to write a computer database program that catalogues the nearly 4,000 typefaces that appear in the Haas Atlas. This computer program is now a forensic standard that is sold as a companion to the Haas Atlas by American Society of Questioned Document Examiners (ASQDE). Though semi-retired, Dr. Bouffard is one of the top two experts in forensic document examination (regarding typefaces) in the country. UPDATE: The name of the program that Dr. Bouffard developed is called "The Typewriter Typestyle Classification Program" (C:\TYPE). What did Dr. Bouffard think of the documents? First, the necessary caveats: - The pdf document is of poor quality. It seems to have been copied and recopied several times, blurring letter characteristics. - Also, certain types of analysis can only be done on the original documents, which don't seem to be available, even to CBS. So Dr. Bouffard is very clear that his analysis is not 100% positive. That being said . "It's just possible that this might be a Times Roman font, which means that it would have been created on a computer. It's very possible that someone decided to create this document on a computer... I've run across this situation before . my gut is this could just well be a fabrication." The reasons why? - Right off the bat, Dr. Bouffard noted what others in the blogosphere have been talking about - something called "proportional spacing," which means that each letter does not take up the same amount of width on the page. On old typewriters that do not have proportional spacing, the letter "i" would be as wide as the letter "m." Except for professional typesetting, proportional spacing was only available on a very few models (an IBM model, "Executive" and perhaps one or two other models Mini-Update: Dr. Bouffard e-mails to correct me that it was seven or eight possible models, not one or two - Ed) that were not widely available in 1972-73; the vast majority of typewriters did not have proportional spacing. Because of this, Dr. Bouffard's computer program immediately eliminated "over 90%" of the possible fonts from typewriters that could create such a document, narrowing it down to perhaps 15 fonts used by a very few models. - Next, Dr. Bouffard began entering individual characters in an attempt to match them to the remaining fonts that were available on proportional spacing typewriters of that era, focusing on numbers. Thus far, one character stood out, the number "4." In the document provided by CBS News, the number 4 does not "have a foot" and has a "closed top," which is indicative of Times New Roman, a font exclusive to more modern computer word processing programs. other characters matched the old proportional spacing fonts (available on only a small few typewriters of the era), but this number did not (please note that this is only an initial analysis with numerical characters). Dr. Bouffard ran this number and could not find a match in his entire database of over 4,000 typewriter fonts that have been maintained and collected into his computer database since 1988. Otherwise, the font is very indicative of Times New Roman, the font that is only available on computer word processing programs. The final word? Once again, let's not forget the qualifications: it's a bad copy of a copy and we have no original document for review, but, based on the initial analysis of the documents by an industry expert with over 30 years of experience in typesetting and forensic document examination, the documents "could just well be a fabrication." In light of this information, I think that it would be highly appropriate for CBS News and the Boston Globe to attempt to obtain a copy of the original document for more thorough vetting, and run a correction/addendum to the story. I still have two other forensic document examiners that are examining the pdf file, and I will update if/when they get back to me. I also plan to ask Dr. Bouffard more detail about the nature of the "th" on the end of dates, though in our first conversation he indicated that some typewriters had the capability to do something in that format. UPDATE: Dr. Bouffard called me again, and after further analysis, he says that he's pretty certain that it's a fake. Here's why * He looked through old papers he's written, and noted that he's come up against the inconsistency of the "4" several previous times with forgeries that attempt to duplicate old proportional spaced documents with a computer word processing program. * Regarding the small "th" after the date, Dr. Bouffard told me that it was possible to order specialty keys that would duplicate the automatic miniaturization completed by word processors after a numerical date, but it was certainly not standard, and wouldn't make a lot of sense in a military setting. "That by itself, while suspicious, is not impossible, but in conjunction with the (font irregularity of the) number four, it is really significant," he said. * Dr. Bouffard said that signature analysis isn't that relevant because the signature could have easily been copied and pasted onto one of the photocopied forgeries from another document. * He said that he didn't know who CBS contacted to verify the document's authenticity, but that there is really only one other man that may be more qualified to determine authentic typefaces than himself. I think that the burden of proof may be on CBS to reveal this information. I asked him to put a percentage on the chances that this was a fake, and he said that was "hard to put a number on it." I then suggested "90%?" Again he said it's "hard to put an exact number, but I'd say it's at least that high, sure. I pretty much agree that that font is Times New Roman." I hesitate to render verdicts, but based on an initial visual analysis by one of the country's foremost forensic document analysts that specializes in old typefaces, it looks like CBS was duped. UPDATE: Apologies for the hasty error on Dr. Bouffard's first name - it's Philip. http://www.indcjournal.com/archives/000838.php |
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