Foot operated pumps for propulsion don't look practical. They would be too
inefficient and they would only move the boat forward.

The device on the Hobie kayaks is amazing. With all the propulsion under
the hull there is no waste in surface turbulence. However it is
disappointing that it's only 10% more energy efficient than arm
propulsion. I thought it would be less of a strain on the heart. I can
imagine two improvements but don't know if they would be feasible.

First, as the desinger points out, reciprocating leg action is better than
circular leg action, but it would be even better if the action were low
instead of high. Perhaps the cranks could bent over or inverted.

Second, the fins only move the boat forward. If the fins could rotate they
could be aimed in any direction like an outboard motor to steer the boat,
and to propel it backwards.



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