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Diversity is" Our" Strength
"Short Wave Sportfishing" wrote in message ... On Wed, 17 Jan 2007 22:56:05 GMT, "RG" wrote: I don't have a Nikon EULA handy - have you heard anything about that or is it bull****? 1. I have no idea what an EULA is. 2. If you look at the statement that you are reciting at its face, there is no way it could be taken seriously. Look at all the professional photographers that shoot with Nikon digital gear. Do you think, even for a moment, that they would allow the intellectual rights to their work be compromised in any way? I don't think so. The pro community is and always has been Nikon's bread and butter. I really don't think Nikon would be so stupid as to try and **** where it eats. Maybe Snopes has the answer you seek, but I don't give the issue enough credibility to warrant spending any of my time checking it out. Just wondering. EULA is End Users License Agreement and it's part of the standard license for electronic stuff. I suspect the claim (which is bogus in my opinion) relates to the software used in the cameras. Most software is "licensed" to the end user for use but remains the intellectual property of the manufacturer. I use MS Excel, but I don't think Microsoft can claim a spreadsheet that I generated is "their" property. Or can they? Eisboch |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
..
Oh, isn't it beautiful? I spent a lot of time out there when I was in the service and we've been back there several times over the past 20 years. One of my squad mates was Navajo. We spent a lot of time hiking around, hunting and just generally having a blast. The country is beautiful. Met some wonderful people too. It is beautiful beyond words. Since you have an interest in photography and the Navajo as well, I would direct you to Amazon or any other retailer of books. Do a search on Barry Goldwater as author. Barry was a master of photography, and the Hopi and Navajo were two of his most favorite subjects. Barry developed a very close bond with the people on the reservation. He would fly supplies and medicine to them in his private plane. He took many back country trips with Navajo guides into areas deemed sacred by the Navajo. Once, he actually spent the night on the span of Rainbow Bridge, something I don't believe any other white man has done. He was so trusted by the Indians, almost to the point of reverence, that he was given access to virtually every aspect of their life. If you love photography and southwestern native culture, nobody has brought them together with technical skill and profound empathy quite like Barry Goldwater. A subscription to Arizona Highways Magazine is also an inexpensive and enjoyable way to get a monthly fix for your Navajoland jones. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Short Wave Sportfishing wrote:
On Wed, 17 Jan 2007 17:10:02 -0500, "Reginald P. Smithers III" wrote: Short Wave Sportfishing wrote: On Wed, 17 Jan 2007 17:24:24 GMT, "RG" wrote: As odd as this sounds, Navaho on my mother's side (two back) and Cherokee (four back) on my father's side. I believe Navajo is the preferred spelling, although your version is sometimes found in English writings. Um...actually, either is acceptable because the actual name in Navaj(h)o is something like Dine' - I'm not in lecture mode at the moment. There are also others, one which is historically inaccurate as the Dine' aren't an offshoot tribe of the Apache. Anyway doesn't matter. Either is acceptable and in fact, as it happens, my spell checker has either listed which is why it didn't catch it in the first place. And speaking of Nikon cameras, I heard something interesting this afternoon about digital Nikons - in their EULA, there is a clause that states that all images taken with one of the digital cameras are the intellectual property of Nikon. I don't have a Nikon EULA handy - have you heard anything about that or is it bull****? it is bull**** The person I was talking to isn't used to spreading bull puckey - he's pretty sharp and wouldn't have said anything unless he had a suspicion. Can you define it a little more? Nikon cameras are used by professional all over the world. If all images were the intellectual property of Nikon, no pro would use one. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"Tom Francis" wrote in message ... On Wed, 17 Jan 2007 16:46:06 GMT, "Jim" wrote: "Tom Francis" wrote in message . .. On Wed, 17 Jan 2007 14:13:13 GMT, "JoeSpareBedroom" wrote: wrote in message m... A mongrel political state is doomed to perpetual disorder. Max Tell me about the first of your ancestors who came here. Where were they from? What countries? I have direct Native American ancestors on both sides of my family, one within two generations. Which legally allows me to claim Native American status. So with that in mind... EVERYBODY GET THE HELL OUT OF MY COUNTRY!!!!! Is that your Casino up thar on the hill? What will become of it when we all leave for happier hunting grounds. Who cares. GET THE HELL OUT!!! :) And you can return to Mongolia and leave the country to the Buffalo. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"basskisser" wrote in message oups.com... Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. So I made an error of saying concrete weight is 5000# per yard. That is what the guy told me when I picked up a yard of Concrete in a u haul it trailer. So 4000# of concrete and 1000# of trailer. I am an electrical engineer. What my degree is in, while you claim to be a PE structural engineer and claim that concrete weighs less than 3000#. Major faux paux! I really doubt you are a pe or an engineering graduate now. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"basskisser" wrote in message ups.com... Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Short Wave Sportfishing wrote: On 17 Jan 2007 08:59:54 -0800, "basskisser" wrote: Tom Francis wrote: On Wed, 17 Jan 2007 14:13:13 GMT, "JoeSpareBedroom" wrote: wrote in message ... A mongrel political state is doomed to perpetual disorder. Max Tell me about the first of your ancestors who came here. Where were they from? What countries? I have direct Native American ancestors on both sides of my family, one within two generations. Which legally allows me to claim Native American status. So with that in mind... EVERYBODY GET THE HELL OUT OF MY COUNTRY!!!!! So you're 100% Native American? Didn't say that - I said legally claim Native American as my ethnic choice. I suppose, although I've never looked into it, that I could also claim Hispanic also as one of the Grandmothers is Mexican. Are you really saying that if anyone states that they have any Native American blood in them at all, that they can claim that status? Where ARE we going to put those millions upon millions of casinos? And where did those Native Americans come from? Mars. Typical....... lol, the Indian casinos can only be placed on Indian reservations. Even if you are 100% Native American, you can not open a casino off of the reservation. Do you try to be so humorous or does it just come naturally. Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there...... Now, that's why I asked where are we going to put those casinos. There is only so much reservation land. And I'm sure that all of us that have any tiny bit of Native American blood in us would like to open one up! I sure would! I guess, seeing how I have just a trace of N.A. blood in me, I'll go to Cherokee, NC and join that nation. LOL, The Cherokee Nation owns the reservation and they run the casino, it is not up to each Native American to deciede if he wants to open a casino. Have you still not figured that a yard of concrete can weigh over 4000lbs? I know the FACTS about concrete. Do you need me to cut and paste some mix designs for you to prove that a yard of concrete almost never weighs two tons? Now, what about that 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? Please provide some data to show this. Now, as part OF the Cherokee nation, each individual has a say in it's enterprises. But, you are forgetting the gist of the message here. Just because someone has any little tiny bit of N.A. blood in them, doesn't make them instantly able to be a part of such. Read it again. He said Portland Cement weighs 2500# a yard. And to be considered a Native American for a lot of fishing rights you have to be 1/32. To be in on a casino you have be a member of the tribe. There have been some real battles where part of a tribe decertified another part. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"RCE" wrote in message ... "Chuck Gould" wrote in message oups.com... So, anybody who hopes to claim to go *way back* (!) in North America would more than likely look a lot like this: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/first/kennewick.html I've met Shortwave. Striking resemblance. Eisboch Kennewick man is an extreme controversy! Does not match the characteristics of early Native Americans, who mostly are Mongol background. The NA's will not allow testing of the bones background. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Calif Bill wrote:
"basskisser" wrote in message ups.com... Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Short Wave Sportfishing wrote: On 17 Jan 2007 08:59:54 -0800, "basskisser" wrote: Tom Francis wrote: On Wed, 17 Jan 2007 14:13:13 GMT, "JoeSpareBedroom" wrote: wrote in message ... A mongrel political state is doomed to perpetual disorder. Max Tell me about the first of your ancestors who came here. Where were they from? What countries? I have direct Native American ancestors on both sides of my family, one within two generations. Which legally allows me to claim Native American status. So with that in mind... EVERYBODY GET THE HELL OUT OF MY COUNTRY!!!!! So you're 100% Native American? Didn't say that - I said legally claim Native American as my ethnic choice. I suppose, although I've never looked into it, that I could also claim Hispanic also as one of the Grandmothers is Mexican. Are you really saying that if anyone states that they have any Native American blood in them at all, that they can claim that status? Where ARE we going to put those millions upon millions of casinos? And where did those Native Americans come from? Mars. Typical....... lol, the Indian casinos can only be placed on Indian reservations. Even if you are 100% Native American, you can not open a casino off of the reservation. Do you try to be so humorous or does it just come naturally. Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there...... Now, that's why I asked where are we going to put those casinos. There is only so much reservation land. And I'm sure that all of us that have any tiny bit of Native American blood in us would like to open one up! I sure would! I guess, seeing how I have just a trace of N.A. blood in me, I'll go to Cherokee, NC and join that nation. LOL, The Cherokee Nation owns the reservation and they run the casino, it is not up to each Native American to deciede if he wants to open a casino. Have you still not figured that a yard of concrete can weigh over 4000lbs? I know the FACTS about concrete. Do you need me to cut and paste some mix designs for you to prove that a yard of concrete almost never weighs two tons? Now, what about that 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? Please provide some data to show this. Now, as part OF the Cherokee nation, each individual has a say in it's enterprises. But, you are forgetting the gist of the message here. Just because someone has any little tiny bit of N.A. blood in them, doesn't make them instantly able to be a part of such. Read it again. He said Portland Cement weighs 2500# a yard. And to be considered a Native American for a lot of fishing rights you have to be 1/32. To be in on a casino you have be a member of the tribe. There have been some real battles where part of a tribe decertified another part. I really do not believe he can read or understand English. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. Do you understand English? Yes, I do. So, show me how you can get 2500# of portland cement into a yard of concrete using the criteria set forth by A.C.I. 307, A.C.I. 301, and A.C.I. 318. Do you also want me to post some design mixes here showing that I'm right and you are wrong about the weight of concrete? Also, do you want to show me how you get 150# per cubic foot, when, following guidlines by ANY applicable code in the U.S., and ACI, and even Factory Mutual, you only need to design a structure to resist 125# per cubic foot? |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Calif Bill wrote: "basskisser" wrote in message oups.com... Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. So I made an error of saying concrete weight is 5000# per yard. That is what the guy told me when I picked up a yard of Concrete in a u haul it trailer. So 4000# of concrete and 1000# of trailer. I am an electrical engineer. What my degree is in, while you claim to be a PE structural engineer and claim that concrete weighs less than 3000#. Major faux paux! I really doubt you are a pe or an engineering graduate now. Concrete DOES NOT weight 4000# a yard, your first ignorant statement of the day. I never said concrete weighs less than 3000#, your second stupid statement of the day. So, your last stupid sentence doesn't even count. Please go back and read my statements above, and prove to me that I'm wrong. On the other hand, I can post many, many concrete mix designs that I've approved (or not approved for that matter) that will show you that in most cases, normal weight concrete, with an F'c of 3000, or 4000 p.s.i. will come in at around 3400 pounds. ACI guidlines, as well as any applicable building code in the U.S. as well as Factory Mutual ALL allow 125# a cubic foot, or 3375# per yard as a design dead load. WHY would ANYONE allow a non-reduceable dead load to be designed for less than the weight of the material itself? Even the 125# includes reinforcing and composite deck! I'll be waiting for you to show me that part where I ever said that a yard of concrete weighs less than #3k. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
basskisser wrote:
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. Do you understand English? Yes, I do. So, show me how you can get 2500# of portland cement into a yard of concrete using the criteria set forth by A.C.I. 307, A.C.I. 301, and A.C.I. 318. Do you also want me to post some design mixes here showing that I'm right and you are wrong about the weight of concrete? Also, do you want to show me how you get 150# per cubic foot, when, following guidlines by ANY applicable code in the U.S., and ACI, and even Factory Mutual, you only need to design a structure to resist 125# per cubic foot? Please go back and reread this thread before you respond. You might be able to understand the words if you read them a 2nd time. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"basskisser" wrote in message oups.com... snip Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. snip Isn't a yard of concrete specified as VOLUME? |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"Charlie Morgan" wrote in message ... On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 14:10:23 -0500, "D.Duck" wrote: "basskisser" wrote in message groups.com... snip Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. snip Isn't a yard of concrete specified as VOLUME? It's a cubic yard of concrete to specify volume, although due to lazy-speak, its universally just called it a "yard". Generally, if someone mentions a "yard of concrete" to a relatively normal, reasonable, person, they would take it to mean a cubic yard of concrete unless they specifically qualified it as something else, such as a square yard. See also: "10 yard dumptruck" CWM I totally agree with you. The OP stated and emphasized that is was an area. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"D.Duck" wrote in message
... "Charlie Morgan" wrote in message ... On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 14:10:23 -0500, "D.Duck" wrote: "basskisser" wrote in message egroups.com... snip Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. snip Isn't a yard of concrete specified as VOLUME? It's a cubic yard of concrete to specify volume, although due to lazy-speak, its universally just called it a "yard". Generally, if someone mentions a "yard of concrete" to a relatively normal, reasonable, person, they would take it to mean a cubic yard of concrete unless they specifically qualified it as something else, such as a square yard. See also: "10 yard dumptruck" CWM I totally agree with you. The OP stated and emphasized that is was an area. Sounds like a geometry failure to me. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
D.Duck wrote: "basskisser" wrote in message oups.com... snip Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. snip Isn't a yard of concrete specified as VOLUME? Yup, my bad. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. Do you understand English? Yes, I do. So, show me how you can get 2500# of portland cement into a yard of concrete using the criteria set forth by A.C.I. 307, A.C.I. 301, and A.C.I. 318. Do you also want me to post some design mixes here showing that I'm right and you are wrong about the weight of concrete? Also, do you want to show me how you get 150# per cubic foot, when, following guidlines by ANY applicable code in the U.S., and ACI, and even Factory Mutual, you only need to design a structure to resist 125# per cubic foot? Please go back and reread this thread before you respond. You might be able to understand the words if you read them a 2nd time. I want YOU to tell me, in YOUR WORDS, how applicable codes, all ACI publications that deal in the subject, Factory Mutual, as well as the Steel Deck Institute, etc. all allow you to design elevated structures that will resist the forces of concrete floors at #125 per cubic foot, which equates to #3375 per yard. All of these use a factor of safety, also. SO, how is it safe to do that, if concrete weighs #150 per cubic foot, as you say? Tell me. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
basskisser wrote:
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. Do you understand English? Yes, I do. So, show me how you can get 2500# of portland cement into a yard of concrete using the criteria set forth by A.C.I. 307, A.C.I. 301, and A.C.I. 318. Do you also want me to post some design mixes here showing that I'm right and you are wrong about the weight of concrete? Also, do you want to show me how you get 150# per cubic foot, when, following guidlines by ANY applicable code in the U.S., and ACI, and even Factory Mutual, you only need to design a structure to resist 125# per cubic foot? Please go back and reread this thread before you respond. You might be able to understand the words if you read them a 2nd time. I want YOU to tell me, in YOUR WORDS, how applicable codes, all ACI publications that deal in the subject, Factory Mutual, as well as the Steel Deck Institute, etc. all allow you to design elevated structures that will resist the forces of concrete floors at #125 per cubic foot, which equates to #3375 per yard. All of these use a factor of safety, also. SO, how is it safe to do that, if concrete weighs #150 per cubic foot, as you say? Tell me. If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 17:13:24 -0500, "Reginald P. Smithers III"
wrote: If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. Yeah, but what if I used styrofoam pellets instead of crushed limestone as an aggregate. Wouldn't that give me a very light, air entrained concrete? -- ****************************************** ***** Have a super day! ***** ****************************************** John H |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote:
basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. Do you understand English? Yes, I do. So, show me how you can get 2500# of portland cement into a yard of concrete using the criteria set forth by A.C.I. 307, A.C.I. 301, and A.C.I. 318. Do you also want me to post some design mixes here showing that I'm right and you are wrong about the weight of concrete? Also, do you want to show me how you get 150# per cubic foot, when, following guidlines by ANY applicable code in the U.S., and ACI, and even Factory Mutual, you only need to design a structure to resist 125# per cubic foot? Please go back and reread this thread before you respond. You might be able to understand the words if you read them a 2nd time. I want YOU to tell me, in YOUR WORDS, how applicable codes, all ACI publications that deal in the subject, Factory Mutual, as well as the Steel Deck Institute, etc. all allow you to design elevated structures that will resist the forces of concrete floors at #125 per cubic foot, which equates to #3375 per yard. All of these use a factor of safety, also. SO, how is it safe to do that, if concrete weighs #150 per cubic foot, as you say? Tell me. If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. LMAO.....kevin is too clueless to know the difference between normal weight concrete and light weight concrete. Just more proof that he is no PE. Who should we believe......the concrete industry or the wannabe engineer ? http://www.concretecountertops.org/m....php?itemid=33 http://www.cement.org/tech/faq_unit_weights.asp "Concrete: Concrete is a mixture of cement, coarse and fine aggregates, water, and sometimes supplementary cementing materials and/or chemical admixtures. A normal weight concrete weighs approximately 2400 kg/m3 (145 lbs/ft3). The unit weight (density) of concrete varies, depending on the amount and density of the aggregate, the amount of air that is entrapped or purposely entrained, and the water and cement contents, which in turn are influenced by the maximum size of the aggregate." http://www.findarticles.com/p/articl...0/ai_n13824435 "By definition lightweight concrete is lighter then normal-weight concrete, typically 110 to 115 pounds per square foot compared to about 145 psf for normal-weight concrete." http://cee.engr.ucdavis.edu/faculty/...eci135-ho1.pdf http://bridges.transportation.org/si...TO%20T-4NG.pdf (slide #6) http://www.precast.org/publications/...Aggregates.htm http://www.prairie.com/readymix/lightconcrete.asp "Lightweight Concrete for structural applications refers to concrete with a density of 90-115 lb/ft³ compared to normal weight concrete of 140 - 150 lb/ft³. The concrete strength should be greater than 2,500 psi. The concrete is made with lightweight coarse aggregate and is air-entrained. Some or all of the fine aggregate may also be lightweight. Since these aggregates absorb moisture at a greater rate than other aggregates, pre-wetting is required." http://www.tx-taca.org/concretefaq.htm "How much does concrete weigh? Normal weight concrete weighs about 4000 lb. per cubic yard. Lightweight concrete weighs about 3000 lb. per cubic yard." http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~paulmont...0_concrete.pdf (slide 15) http://www.daytonconcreteacc.com/pdf/Info_63.pdf http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tabl.../Concrete.html "Density of Concrete Concrete is produced in a range of densities as listed below * Plain Concrete, with natural stone aggregate ...2300 kg/m3 * Plain Concrete, with natural Broken brick aggregate...2000 kg/m3 * Reinforced Concrete, with dense aggregate ...2400 kg/m3 * Reinforced Concrete, with dense aggregate ...2400 kg/m3 * Lightweight cellular (aerated) Concrete ...641 kg/m3 * Lightweight aggregate structural grade Concrete ...1760 kg/m3 * Lightweight aggregate (structural grade) Concrete ...1760 kg/m3 * Steelshot aggregate Concrete ...5285 kg/m3" http://www.idsi.org/pdf/COS5T.pdf http://www.ou.edu/class/hgruenwald/t...333/4333ex.htm (question 8) 8. What is the weight of reinforced normal weight concrete? ( 2 points) a. 115 pcf xb. 150 pcf c. 175 pcf d. 380 pcf http://dsnet.co.clark.nv.us/dsweb/guides_tech/tg42.pdf http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/engin...4-5-0602-8.pdf |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
JohnH wrote:
On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 17:13:24 -0500, "Reginald P. Smithers III" wrote: If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. Yeah, but what if I used styrofoam pellets instead of crushed limestone as an aggregate. Wouldn't that give me a very light, air entrained concrete? -- ****************************************** ***** Have a super day! ***** ****************************************** John H There is a kind of "cement" they use to reduce the sound between floors that they use a filler that is similar to styrofoam, and yes it is very light. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
I thought it was genius to make ships during WWII to make ships out of
"fullers earth" which was also known as "concrete. Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: JohnH wrote: On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 17:13:24 -0500, "Reginald P. Smithers III" wrote: If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. Yeah, but what if I used styrofoam pellets instead of crushed limestone as an aggregate. Wouldn't that give me a very light, air entrained concrete? -- ****************************************** ***** Have a super day! ***** ****************************************** John H There is a kind of "cement" they use to reduce the sound between floors that they use a filler that is similar to styrofoam, and yes it is very light. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"Animal05" wrote in message ... Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. Do you understand English? Yes, I do. So, show me how you can get 2500# of portland cement into a yard of concrete using the criteria set forth by A.C.I. 307, A.C.I. 301, and A.C.I. 318. Do you also want me to post some design mixes here showing that I'm right and you are wrong about the weight of concrete? Also, do you want to show me how you get 150# per cubic foot, when, following guidlines by ANY applicable code in the U.S., and ACI, and even Factory Mutual, you only need to design a structure to resist 125# per cubic foot? Please go back and reread this thread before you respond. You might be able to understand the words if you read them a 2nd time. I want YOU to tell me, in YOUR WORDS, how applicable codes, all ACI publications that deal in the subject, Factory Mutual, as well as the Steel Deck Institute, etc. all allow you to design elevated structures that will resist the forces of concrete floors at #125 per cubic foot, which equates to #3375 per yard. All of these use a factor of safety, also. SO, how is it safe to do that, if concrete weighs #150 per cubic foot, as you say? Tell me. If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. LMAO.....kevin is too clueless to know the difference between normal weight concrete and light weight concrete. Just more proof that he is no PE. Who should we believe......the concrete industry or the wannabe engineer ? http://www.concretecountertops.org/m....php?itemid=33 http://www.cement.org/tech/faq_unit_weights.asp "Concrete: Concrete is a mixture of cement, coarse and fine aggregates, water, and sometimes supplementary cementing materials and/or chemical admixtures. A normal weight concrete weighs approximately 2400 kg/m3 (145 lbs/ft3). The unit weight (density) of concrete varies, depending on the amount and density of the aggregate, the amount of air that is entrapped or purposely entrained, and the water and cement contents, which in turn are influenced by the maximum size of the aggregate." http://www.findarticles.com/p/articl...0/ai_n13824435 "By definition lightweight concrete is lighter then normal-weight concrete, typically 110 to 115 pounds per square foot compared to about 145 psf for normal-weight concrete." http://cee.engr.ucdavis.edu/faculty/...eci135-ho1.pdf http://bridges.transportation.org/si...TO%20T-4NG.pdf (slide #6) http://www.precast.org/publications/...Aggregates.htm http://www.prairie.com/readymix/lightconcrete.asp "Lightweight Concrete for structural applications refers to concrete with a density of 90-115 lb/ft³ compared to normal weight concrete of 140 - 150 lb/ft³. The concrete strength should be greater than 2,500 psi. The concrete is made with lightweight coarse aggregate and is air-entrained. Some or all of the fine aggregate may also be lightweight. Since these aggregates absorb moisture at a greater rate than other aggregates, pre-wetting is required." http://www.tx-taca.org/concretefaq.htm "How much does concrete weigh? Normal weight concrete weighs about 4000 lb. per cubic yard. Lightweight concrete weighs about 3000 lb. per cubic yard." http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~paulmont...0_concrete.pdf (slide 15) http://www.daytonconcreteacc.com/pdf/Info_63.pdf http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tabl.../Concrete.html "Density of Concrete Concrete is produced in a range of densities as listed below * Plain Concrete, with natural stone aggregate ...2300 kg/m3 * Plain Concrete, with natural Broken brick aggregate...2000 kg/m3 * Reinforced Concrete, with dense aggregate ...2400 kg/m3 * Reinforced Concrete, with dense aggregate ...2400 kg/m3 * Lightweight cellular (aerated) Concrete ...641 kg/m3 * Lightweight aggregate structural grade Concrete ...1760 kg/m3 * Lightweight aggregate (structural grade) Concrete ...1760 kg/m3 * Steelshot aggregate Concrete ...5285 kg/m3" http://www.idsi.org/pdf/COS5T.pdf http://www.ou.edu/class/hgruenwald/t...333/4333ex.htm (question 8) 8. What is the weight of reinforced normal weight concrete? ( 2 points) a. 115 pcf xb. 150 pcf c. 175 pcf d. 380 pcf http://dsnet.co.clark.nv.us/dsweb/guides_tech/tg42.pdf http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/engin...4-5-0602-8.pdf Now are those per yard numbers quoted as square yards or cubic yards? 8) |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote:
JohnH wrote: On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 17:13:24 -0500, "Reginald P. Smithers III" wrote: If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. Yeah, but what if I used styrofoam pellets instead of crushed limestone as an aggregate. Wouldn't that give me a very light, air entrained concrete? -- ****************************************** ***** Have a super day! ***** ****************************************** John H There is a kind of "cement" they use to reduce the sound between floors that they use a filler that is similar to styrofoam, and yes it is very light. Gypcrete http://www.maxxon.com/product_detail.asp?ID=1 |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
I think I'm going to have to find a copy of the book, because this
really looks interesting: "...The Concrete Battleship by Francis J. Allen. Revised edition of the fascinating pictorial on Fort Drum, the "Concrete Battleship" in Manila Bay. Great information on construction, the battle for Manila, repossession from the Japanese and Fort Drum today. Soft., 64 pages, photos, illus...." http://www.warbooks.com/wwallies.html Short Wave Sportfishing wrote: On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 18:17:41 -0500, JohnH wrote: On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 17:13:24 -0500, "Reginald P. Smithers III" wrote: If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. Yeah, but what if I used styrofoam pellets instead of crushed limestone as an aggregate. Wouldn't that give me a very light, air entrained concrete? Funny you should mention that. I know a guy who experiments with different concrete for boats. He uses a concrete with really small hollow glass beads as the aggregate and some kind of hinky type of epoxy stringers - I don't know all the specifics of it, but he built a canoe out of the stuff and damned if it didn't float and two people could handle it. Last I heard, he was planning on building a sailboat using the mixture. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"Short Wave Sportfishing" wrote in message ... On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 20:47:31 -0500, "D.Duck" wrote: Now are those per yard numbers quoted as square yards or cubic yards? 8) Cubits per furlong. This is not a horse group, it is a boating group, so it is Cubits per Fathom. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
On Fri, 19 Jan 2007 01:58:02 GMT, Short Wave Sportfishing
wrote: On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 18:17:41 -0500, JohnH wrote: On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 17:13:24 -0500, "Reginald P. Smithers III" wrote: If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. Yeah, but what if I used styrofoam pellets instead of crushed limestone as an aggregate. Wouldn't that give me a very light, air entrained concrete? Funny you should mention that. I know a guy who experiments with different concrete for boats. He uses a concrete with really small hollow glass beads as the aggregate and some kind of hinky type of epoxy stringers - I don't know all the specifics of it, but he built a canoe out of the stuff and damned if it didn't float and two people could handle it. Last I heard, he was planning on building a sailboat using the mixture. What are you trying to do, get this back on topic? -- ***** Have a super day! ***** John H |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. Do you understand English? Yes, I do. So, show me how you can get 2500# of portland cement into a yard of concrete using the criteria set forth by A.C.I. 307, A.C.I. 301, and A.C.I. 318. Do you also want me to post some design mixes here showing that I'm right and you are wrong about the weight of concrete? Also, do you want to show me how you get 150# per cubic foot, when, following guidlines by ANY applicable code in the U.S., and ACI, and even Factory Mutual, you only need to design a structure to resist 125# per cubic foot? Please go back and reread this thread before you respond. You might be able to understand the words if you read them a 2nd time. I want YOU to tell me, in YOUR WORDS, how applicable codes, all ACI publications that deal in the subject, Factory Mutual, as well as the Steel Deck Institute, etc. all allow you to design elevated structures that will resist the forces of concrete floors at #125 per cubic foot, which equates to #3375 per yard. All of these use a factor of safety, also. SO, how is it safe to do that, if concrete weighs #150 per cubic foot, as you say? Tell me. If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. I never ever said that a yard of concrete's weight doesn't vary. BUT, you've stated that it's at 2 tons, that is wrong. I want YOU to tell me how someone can, by all applicable codes, case studies, etc. be able to design for concrete structures at 125# per cubic foot, when you say that concrete weighs 150#. Also post any binding data that you have that concrete weighs 150# pcf. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Animal05 wrote: snip Poor animal, tries to come off as a professional..... Has never heard of ACI or REAL LIFE data, can only go by publications that use a factor of safety of 1.3! |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: There is a kind of "cement" they use to reduce the sound between floors that they use a filler that is similar to styrofoam, and yes it is very light. Or Perlite, or Zonolite, or any of a thousand different admixtures. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
basskisser wrote:
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. Do you understand English? Yes, I do. So, show me how you can get 2500# of portland cement into a yard of concrete using the criteria set forth by A.C.I. 307, A.C.I. 301, and A.C.I. 318. Do you also want me to post some design mixes here showing that I'm right and you are wrong about the weight of concrete? Also, do you want to show me how you get 150# per cubic foot, when, following guidlines by ANY applicable code in the U.S., and ACI, and even Factory Mutual, you only need to design a structure to resist 125# per cubic foot? Please go back and reread this thread before you respond. You might be able to understand the words if you read them a 2nd time. I want YOU to tell me, in YOUR WORDS, how applicable codes, all ACI publications that deal in the subject, Factory Mutual, as well as the Steel Deck Institute, etc. all allow you to design elevated structures that will resist the forces of concrete floors at #125 per cubic foot, which equates to #3375 per yard. All of these use a factor of safety, also. SO, how is it safe to do that, if concrete weighs #150 per cubic foot, as you say? Tell me. If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. I never ever said that a yard of concrete's weight doesn't vary. BUT, you've stated that it's at 2 tons, that is wrong. I want YOU to tell me how someone can, by all applicable codes, case studies, etc. be able to design for concrete structures at 125# per cubic foot, when you say that concrete weighs 150#. Also post any binding data that you have that concrete weighs 150# pcf. Please try reading this thread. |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"basskisser" wrote in message ups.com... Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. Do you understand English? Yes, I do. So, show me how you can get 2500# of portland cement into a yard of concrete using the criteria set forth by A.C.I. 307, A.C.I. 301, and A.C.I. 318. Do you also want me to post some design mixes here showing that I'm right and you are wrong about the weight of concrete? Also, do you want to show me how you get 150# per cubic foot, when, following guidlines by ANY applicable code in the U.S., and ACI, and even Factory Mutual, you only need to design a structure to resist 125# per cubic foot? Please go back and reread this thread before you respond. You might be able to understand the words if you read them a 2nd time. I want YOU to tell me, in YOUR WORDS, how applicable codes, all ACI publications that deal in the subject, Factory Mutual, as well as the Steel Deck Institute, etc. all allow you to design elevated structures that will resist the forces of concrete floors at #125 per cubic foot, which equates to #3375 per yard. All of these use a factor of safety, also. SO, how is it safe to do that, if concrete weighs #150 per cubic foot, as you say? Tell me. If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. I never ever said that a yard of concrete's weight doesn't vary. BUT, you've stated that it's at 2 tons, that is wrong. I want YOU to tell me how someone can, by all applicable codes, case studies, etc. be able to design for concrete structures at 125# per cubic foot, when you say that concrete weighs 150#. Also post any binding data that you have that concrete weighs 150# pcf. http://www.cement.org/tech/faq_unit_weights.asp "Concrete: Concrete is a mixture of cement, coarse and fine aggregates, water, and sometimes supplementary cementing materials and/or chemical admixtures. A normal weight concrete weighs approximately 2400 kg/m3 (145 lbs/ft3). The unit weight (density) of concrete varies, depending on the amount and density of the aggregate, the amount of air that is entrapped or purposely entrained, and the water and cement contents, which in turn are influenced by the maximum size of the aggregate." Is that binding enough? And let's not quibble about 5 lbs/ft^3 |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
On Fri, 19 Jan 2007 09:18:40 -0500, "D.Duck" wrote:
"basskisser" wrote in message oups.com... Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. Snipped This thread was getting way too heavy. -- ***** Have a super day! ***** John H |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
"Short Wave Sportfishing" wrote in message ... On Fri, 19 Jan 2007 03:50:34 GMT, "Calif Bill" wrote: "Short Wave Sportfishing" wrote in message . .. On Thu, 18 Jan 2007 20:47:31 -0500, "D.Duck" wrote: Now are those per yard numbers quoted as square yards or cubic yards? 8) Cubits per furlong. This is not a horse group, it is a boating group, so it is Cubits per Fathom. Cubits per fathom furlong. Sea horses? |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote:
basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there. ps When I said Portland Cement weighed approx. 2500 lbs, I was referring to Portland Cement, I never said or hinted that one would put 2500 lbs of Portland Cement into a yard of concrete mix. Have you looked over your concrete mixes to see that it is very common for a yard of concrete to weigh approx. 4000 lbs? One would not expect a PE to make sure a mistake. No, it is not. Need proof? And if I show proof, will you admit your mistakes? And where is that 2500 pounds of Portland cement per yard used? Please show some criteria for your two tons, and your 2500 pounds of Portland. I tried to be helpful and show you many links showing you the exact weight of concrete, and the exact weight of Portland Cement, you prefer to ignore them. I didn't want you to continue with your silliness, but I should have known better. The question wasn't "is all concrete 4000 lbs per year", because there are light weight concrete mixes that weigh less, but as Bill said, concrete can and does weigh approx. 4000 lbs. The fact that you fail to see this, does understand why you are not employed. No, you are wrong. Bill actually said that concrete weighs 5000#. Please show what facts you have that I am not employed, first. Now, where WERE those links that you shown that states that there is 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? You DO know, seeing how you are acting the expert here, that in reality, there's somewhere around 5 bags @ 94 pounds in a typical 3,000 psi mix, for a total of 470# don't you? So, I'd really, really like to see this mix design that uses 2500#, because with a water/cement ratio of .53 maximum, you'd have approx. 1,325 pounds of water. But you know this, right? Now, here's the thing. a yard of concrete is an AREA. This 2500# of cement takes approx. 12.72 cubic feet of area. The water that we need per ACI 307 would take an area of approx. 20.64 cubic feet, for a total of 33.36 cubic feet. You're now at more than a yard before you add in the largest volumes, which are the coarse and fine aggregates, with proper gradation of course. So, for an F'c of 3000 psi, the aggregate total is going to be close to approx. 10 or 12 times the amount of concrete. So now you have a "yard" of concrete that is 400 or so cubic feet! So, I'm really confused. Please show me where you are correct, and I am wrong. Now remember something about that 4,000 pounds you are referring to. There is a factor of safety involved for that number. A cubic foot of normal weight concrete doesn't weigh 150 pounds, although that number is thrown around alot. The actual weight of normal weight concrete is around 125 pounds per cubic foot, or 3375 a yard. If you'll look at ACI guidelines you'll even see that there criteria uses 125# per cubic foot dead load for elevated slabs! And even THAT has a factor of safety. Do you understand English? Yes, I do. So, show me how you can get 2500# of portland cement into a yard of concrete using the criteria set forth by A.C.I. 307, A.C.I. 301, and A.C.I. 318. Do you also want me to post some design mixes here showing that I'm right and you are wrong about the weight of concrete? Also, do you want to show me how you get 150# per cubic foot, when, following guidlines by ANY applicable code in the U.S., and ACI, and even Factory Mutual, you only need to design a structure to resist 125# per cubic foot? Please go back and reread this thread before you respond. You might be able to understand the words if you read them a 2nd time. I want YOU to tell me, in YOUR WORDS, how applicable codes, all ACI publications that deal in the subject, Factory Mutual, as well as the Steel Deck Institute, etc. all allow you to design elevated structures that will resist the forces of concrete floors at #125 per cubic foot, which equates to #3375 per yard. All of these use a factor of safety, also. SO, how is it safe to do that, if concrete weighs #150 per cubic foot, as you say? Tell me. If you go back through the thread you will see that concrete's weight can vary based upon the aggregate used. I am surprised that a PE does not understand that. Now if you go back to the beginning of this thread and read it very slowly you will have all of your questions answered. They are all answered already. I never ever said that a yard of concrete's weight doesn't vary. BUT, you've stated that it's at 2 tons, that is wrong. I want YOU to tell me how someone can, by all applicable codes, case studies, etc. be able to design for concrete structures at 125# per cubic foot, when you say that concrete weighs 150#. Also post any binding data that you have that concrete weighs 150# pcf. Please try reading this thread. Funny thing how even lab tests result in normal weight concrete at a weight kevin claims it can't be. The whole world is wrong except for the wannabe engineer from Atlanta. LMAO http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main...pdf/06-r12.pdf Table #5 Noraml weight concrete unit weight was 145.2 lb/ft 3 |
Diversity is" Our" Strength
Reginald P. Smithers III wrote:
Calif Bill wrote: "basskisser" wrote in message ups.com... Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Reginald P. Smithers III wrote: basskisser wrote: Short Wave Sportfishing wrote: On 17 Jan 2007 08:59:54 -0800, "basskisser" wrote: Tom Francis wrote: On Wed, 17 Jan 2007 14:13:13 GMT, "JoeSpareBedroom" wrote: wrote in message ... A mongrel political state is doomed to perpetual disorder. Max Tell me about the first of your ancestors who came here. Where were they from? What countries? I have direct Native American ancestors on both sides of my family, one within two generations. Which legally allows me to claim Native American status. So with that in mind... EVERYBODY GET THE HELL OUT OF MY COUNTRY!!!!! So you're 100% Native American? Didn't say that - I said legally claim Native American as my ethnic choice. I suppose, although I've never looked into it, that I could also claim Hispanic also as one of the Grandmothers is Mexican. Are you really saying that if anyone states that they have any Native American blood in them at all, that they can claim that status? Where ARE we going to put those millions upon millions of casinos? And where did those Native Americans come from? Mars. Typical....... lol, the Indian casinos can only be placed on Indian reservations. Even if you are 100% Native American, you can not open a casino off of the reservation. Do you try to be so humorous or does it just come naturally. Show me that concrete mix design that has 2500# of Portland cement in it, and weighs better than two tons, and we'll go from there...... Now, that's why I asked where are we going to put those casinos. There is only so much reservation land. And I'm sure that all of us that have any tiny bit of Native American blood in us would like to open one up! I sure would! I guess, seeing how I have just a trace of N.A. blood in me, I'll go to Cherokee, NC and join that nation. LOL, The Cherokee Nation owns the reservation and they run the casino, it is not up to each Native American to deciede if he wants to open a casino. Have you still not figured that a yard of concrete can weigh over 4000lbs? I know the FACTS about concrete. Do you need me to cut and paste some mix designs for you to prove that a yard of concrete almost never weighs two tons? Now, what about that 2500# of Portland cement in a yard of concrete? Please provide some data to show this. Now, as part OF the Cherokee nation, each individual has a say in it's enterprises. But, you are forgetting the gist of the message here. Just because someone has any little tiny bit of N.A. blood in them, doesn't make them instantly able to be a part of such. Read it again. He said Portland Cement weighs 2500# a yard. And to be considered a Native American for a lot of fishing rights you have to be 1/32. To be in on a casino you have be a member of the tribe. There have been some real battles where part of a tribe decertified another part. I really do not believe he can read or understand English. What is scary is if he has anything to do with designing structures when he cannot grasp a simple fact like the weight of concrete. |
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