If the bleach didn't change the color almost right away, you're going to be OK
with it.

The bleach may weaken the threads.

A concentrated saline solution will kill certain types of fungus, and you can
mix it up right in the galley with table salt and water. Dipping sal****er out
of the drink is less likely to be a good solution- it could easiy have oil
other dirty elements if you're dipping in a marina.

If all else fails, bleach usually works.

Your complete cure will involve discovering why you have such a damp
environment aboard. You can try all sorts of tricks with dessicants, heat
tubes, etc etc etc but the botom line is that you need to get some fresh air in
there and move it around to dry things out. Bigger vents, maybe a few of them
active rather than passive, might help. If your locker doors aren't louvered,
try leaving them slightly ajar when you go ashore. You'll need to prop them
open, or they will self close when the boat rocks.