Explain to me the difference between a "Blog" and a Website.

Nothing and everything. A website may be a collection of web pages about
anything. Database, catalog, directory, index, or whatever. A weblog is
usually a list of items tracked by a person over the course of time, posted
onto a web server and thus seen as a website. A blog exists only as (part
of) a website, but a website may have many pages and none of them a weblog.