Mmm, hot water delivered is 114F, that's 45C, hardly luke-warm!

We have to take the rest of the measurements with a pinch of salt then.

As you know, heat loss is proportional to the temperature delta. How about a
realistic scenario.

The main issue with electric water heaters, as far as I'm concerned, is that
the Carnot-limited power source wastes at least 60% of the fuel source heat
to the local rivers and dams, for you to take the (optimistic) 40% and
convert it back to heat.

Your case study is flawed, and you lack appreciation of the big picture.

But thanks for the real figures. Every case study is important.

Roland

--
Roland and Lisa Paterson-Jones
Forest Lodge, Stirrup Lane, Hout Bay
http://www.rolandpj.com/forest-lodge
mobile: +27 72 386 8045
e-mail:

"Phil Sherrod" wrote in message
...
I recently installed an electric water heater to service a guest bedroom
located far from the central water heater. Since water will be drawn from
this
heater only when guests are visiting, I plan to leave it turned off to
save
power.

But before shutting it down, I decided to take some measurements and
calculate
how much it costs to run an idle water heater.

The water heater is an electric GE Smar****er 40 gallon, "lowboy" (squat)
unit.
The plate on the unit says it draws 4500 watts, but my measurements show
that
it actually draws about 4320 watts (18 amps at 240 volts). The EPA
estimated
annual cost of operation is $401.

I used a Supco model DLAC recording clamp-on ammeter to record power
(amperage)
over a 3 day interval. During the same period, I used a Supco model DLT
recording thermometer to record the ambient air temperature in the crawl
space
where the water heater is located.

Here is a summary of my measurements:
Monitored interval: 3 days
Power draw when heating element is on: 4320 watts (18 amps at 240 volts)
Duty cycle when heater is running: 0.0161 (1.61%)
Average power used (heating watts times duty cycle): 69.55 watts
Temperature of hot water delivered: 114 degrees F.
Average temperature in crawl space during measurement period: 61 degrees
F.
Temperature rise for water: 53 degrees F (114 - 61)

When the heater is on, it draws 4320 watts. However, the duty cycle
(proportion of time heating) is only 0.0161 (1.61%), so the average power
drawn
is 4320*0.0161=69.55 watts. (On average, the heating element is on 23
minutes/day.)

An average power usage of 69.55 watts over 24 hours works out to 1.669 KWH
(kilo-watt hours) per day.

The EPA average national power rate is 8 cents per KWH. So, using the EPA
power rate, the cost of keeping the idle water heater hot is 13.35
cents/day or
$4.00/month or $48.73/year.

Here in Tennessee, we enjoy relatively cheap TVA power which costs 5.6
cents/KWH. Using that rate, the energy cost is 9.35 cents/day,
$2.80/month or
$34.13/year.

The EPA estimated annual cost of operation is $401 (assuming 8 cents/KWH).
So
the idle heat-loss cost of $48.73/year is about 12% of the total cost.

If you adapt these figures for another location, remember that the cost is
directly proportional to the temperature difference between the hot water
and
the surrounding room temperature, and you must adjust for your KWH power
cost.

Phil Sherrod
(phil.sherrod 'at' sandh.com)


Index: power, energy, cost, water heater, waterheater, KWH, energy use,
cost of
hot water, hot water cost, efficiency, power rate, electric water heater,