" JimH" ask wrote in message
...
We are talking about qualifications and competencies at this point, not
benefits, lawyers or job security.
Focusing on welding, anybody .... union or not .... can be tested and
certified to several different qualification requirements, including "N"
code, "U" code and others.
Participation in a union is not a requirement for taking the test or being
qualified.
Union and non-union qualifications are exactly the same.
Eisboch