And for study on defensive medicine costs related to malpractice.
http://www.wws.princeton.edu/cgi-bin.../9405/9405.PDF
Probably larger now. I wrote software for medical equipment. Probably 1/4
the time was spent documenting the code. Admitted FDA does not like
software, as a number of years ago, a software error in some xray equipment
killed a few people by giving them 10x the dosage that was specified, but it
could as easily have been a hardware design error instead. This as well as
all the testing and the Validation and Verifying of the software and the
equipment. They all add to the cost of the product and medical costs. So
figure at least a 6% increase in software development costs for extreme
documentation of the software.