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Gary Warner
 
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Default Submarines, Car Engines, and Displacement

I've had a few random questions rattling around the

brain for a while - figured I'd pose them there.



When a sub dives to a certain depth, is that depth

measured from the bottom of the sub, the middle,

or the top. In other words, if it dives to 200 feet,

does that mean there is 200 feet of water above

it or that the bottom of it is 200 feet below the

surface?



On modern gas car engines and when it's cold

outside, is it still better to let them warm up a

bit and how warm (how long) is necessary?



Anyone have a good way to find the total surface

area of my boat hull while it's in the water? It's

a 22' boat, not very deep V, "square" transom. I

did some estimating, but wonder if there are any

creative ways to get more accurate.



Gary