If you are any good at mental arithmetic, then you should be able to form an
opinion directly from your observation. You will then double check it, by
plotting it on a chart. However, I will conceed that if you are unable to
do basic sums in your head, then you might have to use these short cuts.
I would like to stress that we are *all* able to better at mental arithmetic
than we think.


Regards


Donal

Using one of these pairs of bearings will give you distance off when
the object is abeam. Combine the distance off with a bearing when
it's abeam and you have a FIX, do you not? Better than a running fix.
Isn't it?
Sorry but I'm new at this coastal navigation stuff.
Mark E. Williams